chammurapi
Chammurapi (též Chammurabi), král Starobabylonské říše, vládl v letech 1792-1750 př. n. l., šestý panovník Sumuabumovy dynastie v Babylonu.
Chammurapi byl schopným válečníkem, diplomatem a státnickým organizátorem své doby. Svou osobní moc obhajoval jako výkon příkazů nejmocnějšího babylonského boha Marduka, odpor vůči jeho vůli znamenal pro každého tvrdý trest, tímto ovšem odstranil veškeré mocenské spory mezi kněžími a panovníkem. Po vnitřní konsolidaci své říše si Chammurapi nejdříve vojensky podmanil sumerská města ležící na jih od Babylónie, centra jeho říše, během jeho vlády se mu nakonec podařilo ovládnout významnou část celé Mezopotámie.
Chammurapi zcela nově organizoval státní správu, nechal vytvořit byrokratický aparát s kvalifikovanými úředníky, do vedení samosprávy oblastí Starobabylonské říše postavil místodržící.
Král Chammurapi proslul vydáním zákoníku, který byl ještě nedávno považován za nejstarší na světě (starší jsou jen zápisy o zákonech sumerského krále Urnammy z Uru a další dva zákoníky z Mezopotámie).
Po smrti Chammurapiho se jeho královským nástupcům nepodařilo postavení Starobabylonské říše udržet. Babylon byl nejdříve postižen vpádem Chetitů a následně podmaněn Kassity.
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